Harpin防治大豆灰斑病效果的研究

Harpin对大豆灰斑病具有较好防效,防治效果平均为46.7%,与生产上常用杀菌剂50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂防效相当,其最适用量为2 L·hm-2,该生物药剂对作物安全.     

10个热带玉米自交系产量配合力遗传效应分析

利用从CIMMYT引进和自育的10个热带、亚热带玉米自交系,按GriffingD4模型进行双列杂交,组配成45个杂交组合。通过对这些双列杂交组合的产量进行一般配合力和特殊配合力效应分析,结果表明:10个热带自交系的一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应都存在极显著差异;一般配合力效应值依次为CI23>619-130>DK7-6>CI18=CI15>CML161>DK7-8>CI41>双M9>CI45;特殊配合力方差依次为DK7-8>双M9>CML161>CI41>CI18>619-130>CI45>CI15>DK7-6>CI23;619-130既有较高的一般配合力效应,又有较大的特殊配合力方差,是比较理想的自交系;杂种优势最强的组合是CI23×619-130、CML161×619-130,说明利用"热带自交系×热带自交系"杂交模式能够筛选出具有较强杂种优势的玉米杂交新品种。     

Effects of Cd and Pb pollution on soil enzymatic activities and soil microbiota

Based on a representative sampling method and pot experiment with different concentrations of Cd and Pd, the enzymatic activities (urease, phosphatase, catalase, invertase), population of bacteria, fungus and actinomycete in the soil, the Cd and Pd pollution status of soil samples (from the wastewater-irrigated area of Baoding suburb) were appraised. Unitary linear and nonlinear curve-fitting optimization models were applied in the research, and the relationship between Pb and Cd causing pollution and enzymatic activities of the tested soils were discussed. The research may provide a theoretical basis for protecting the environment in the region of Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei province, prevent soil pollution, and ascertain biochemical indexes, which reflect soil heavy metal pollution levels. The research results indicated that: (1) there was obvious accumulation of Pb and Cd in the wastewater-irrigated area, also the accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is more than that in fresh water-irrigated soil, and accumulation on surface layer was more than that in the lower layer. Pb and Cd contents in the tested soils exceeded the standards of soil background values for some major cities at home and abroad and the world soil Cd and Pb contents range. This means that the tested soil had reached a lightly polluted level; (2) there existed an obvious negative correlation between soil enzymatic activities and Pb and Cd contents in wastewater-irrigated soil, where the soil urease and catalase activities decreased obviously with the increase of Pb and Cd contents in soil. Therefore, the urease and catalase can be considered as biochemical indexes that reflect the degree of soil Pb and Cd pollution; (3) the pot experiments indicated that the influence of Cd on soil enzymatic activities was greater than that of Pb. Generally, the effect of Cd on soil phosphatase, urease, catalase is more obvious than that on invertase, while Pb has a more obvious effect on invertase than Cd; (4) pot experiments of triple cropping showed that, Cd and Pb had an obvious inhibiting effect on microbes. The influence sensitivity of Cd and Pb on different microbes was ordered as bacteria > actinomycete > fungus. Cd had a greater inhibiting effect on microbes than Pb, the influence of Cd and Pb on actinomycete and fungus was relatively smaller, therefore, bacteria can be chosen as an important index that reflects the effect of Cd and Pb on microbe sensitivity.     

冬小麦高产种质抗旱性配合力分析

采用Griffing方法Ⅰ,分析了不同双亲抗旱性组合类型对后代抗旱性的影响及其亲本间抗旱性的一般配合力、特殊配合力和反交效应,同时对抗旱性主要遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:冬小麦抗旱性是数量性状,具有较高的广义遗传力和较低的狭义遗传力以及超显性遗传特点,存在明显的核质互作效应。其抗旱性遗传背景是由加性基因、非加性基因和细胞核基因共同构成;基因的加性效应对后代抗旱性的影响因亲本和组合而异;抗旱性遗传基因的表达,不仅取决于基因的加性效应和非加性效应,而且还受正反交效应的影响。高产种质杂种后代的抗旱性状宜在较高世代进行选择。     

春尺蠖成虫羽化发蛾特性及应用佳多频振式杀虫灯控害效应研究初报

春尺蠖羽化发蛾特性研究表明，发蛾期与气温密切相关。邻近城区比郊外大田发蛾期早7～10d；发蛾前期雄蛾多于雌蛾，以后雌蛾增多；成虫为全日程羽化出土，雌雄性比为1：1．42；雌蛾交尾最多可达3次，雄蛾仅1次。应用佳多频振式杀虫灯诱捕春尺蠖雄蛾数量大。灯距120m范围内，树干表皮单位面积上的有效卵率较无灯对照区下降了24％～61．5％，控害效果显著。     

烯唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病试验

 对烯唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病效果进行试验,结果表明,烯唑醇对香蕉叶斑病有显著的防治效果,而且对香蕉生长没有抑制作用,是一个防治香蕉叶斑病优良的杀菌剂,值得在香蕉生产上推广应用。     

化学杂交剂SX-1对不同生态区甘蓝型油菜的杀雄效果

【目的】研究在不同生态区化学杂交剂SX-1对甘蓝型油菜的杀雄效果。【方法】在冬油菜区和春油菜区分别采用4个不同质量浓度的化学杂交剂SX-1,对YD66A和Cn10 2个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)进行2次喷施杀雄处理,第1次喷施在油菜最大花蕾的花粉母细胞进入单核期时进行,第2次喷施在第1次喷施后10～15d内进行,以喷施等量清水为对照,研究在不同生态区喷施SX-1的杀雄效果,并探讨其对油菜生长发育、农艺性状和产量的影响。【结果】冬油菜区A2(6.0mg/L+7.0mg/L)和春油菜区B2(6.5mg/L+7.0mg/L)处理的YD66A和Cn10的全不育株率分别为:98.11%,100%和100%,100%,且无药害反应,植株叶色变浅,茎杆微紫,生长轻微受到抑制,株高和主花序长度有所降低,单株角果数和单株产量略有增加。【结论】SX-1在冬油菜区以质量浓度6.0mg/L+7.0mg/L,在春油菜区以6.5mg/L+7mg/L,分别在油菜最大花蕾的花粉母细胞进入单核期时进行首次喷施,首次喷施后10～15d进行第2次喷施,均可获得较好的杀雄效果。     

氮肥对3种固氮蓝藻种群数量的影响

通过2种常用化肥对固氮鱼腥藻（Anabaena azotica Ley），球胞鱼腥藻（Anabaena sphaerica Born），多变鱼腥藻（Anabaena variabilio Kutzing）影响的研究。结果表明，尿素和碳酸氧铵在低浓度（20mg／L以下）表现为促进，当浓度为80mg／L时，则显著抑制其种群生长；且高浓度时，尿素和碳酸氢铵对3种藻产生较强影响，处理96h时的EC50值分别为54．0，67．0，85．7mg／L及73．7，63．1，92．2mg／L。     

根病除等药剂对西瓜枯萎病防治效果研究

枯萎病是西瓜主要病害,笔者选用了三种杀菌剂进行防治西瓜枯萎病的小区试验.结果表明,根病除、枯萎灵、根复生对枯萎病的防治效果分别达88.9%、87.4%、85.8%,在正常范围内用药对西瓜安全无药害.     

斯氏线虫防治香蕉假茎象甲的田间使用技术

运用均匀设计的试验方法，以干扰作用控制指数和害虫种群数量持续降低指标，评价了注射法使用斯氏线虫处理成长蕉株对香蕉假茎象甲的田间防治效果。结果表明：所有的试验组合均可以将香蕉假茎象甲种群趋势指数压到1以下：建立了斯氏线虫的使用浓度、使用次数与干扰作用控制指数之间回归模型：Y＝0．9627－0．1308A－0．0382B，并分析了两因子对控制作用的影响。通过拟合给出了不同组合对香蕉假茎象甲种群的控制作用，为斯氏线虫的田间使用技术提供了科学依据。